Case C‑94/07 Raccanelli

Doktorski studenti mogu se smatrati radnicima u smislu Čl.39 ako primaju naknadu za svoj rad. Čl. 39 je horizontalno izravno primjenjiv. Evo što kaže ECJ:

1. A researcher in a similar situation to that of the applicant in the main proceedings, that is, a researcher preparing a doctoral thesis on the basis of a grant contract concluded with the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV, must be regarded as a worker within the meaning of Article 39 EC only if his activities are performed for a certain period of time under the direction of an institute forming part of that association and if, in return for those activities, he receives remuneration. It is for the referring court to undertake the necessary verification of the facts in order to establish whether such is the case in the dispute before it.

2. A private-law association, such as the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV, must observe the principle of non-discrimination in relation to workers within the meaning of Article 39 EC. It is for the referring court to establish whether, in circumstances such as those of the case in the main proceedings, there has been inequality in the treatment of domestic and foreign doctoral students.

3. In the event that the applicant in the main proceedings is justified in relying on damage caused by the discrimination to which he has been subject, it is for the referring court to assess, in the light of the national legislation applicable in relation to non-contractual liability, the nature of the compensation which he would be entitled to claim.

Puni tekst presude

Naknada za uporabu cestovne infrastrukture u Sloveniji

Slobodna Dalmacija izvješćuje o uvođenju vignetta za korištenje cestovne infrastrukture u Sloveniji. Problem je u tome što se ne predviđa mogućnost plaćanja za kratko korištenje od npr. 10 dana kao u Austriji, već je potrebno kupiti vinjetu za najmanje 6 mjeseci po cijeni od € 35.

Postavlja se pitanje je li takvo rješenje neproporcionalno ograničenje slobode kretanja usluga zbog toga što usluge kojima se primatelji usluga iz drugih država članica koriste samo povremeno ili jednokratno čini manje atraktivnim. Npr. Korisnik turističkih usluga koji jednom godišnje putuje na odmor iz Češke Republike na Bled mora platiti € 35 za korištenje cca. 15 km autoceste.

Možda je moguća argumentacija analogijom iz para. 37 presude u predmetu Dirk Rüffert:

37 As the Advocate General stated at point 103 of his Opinion, by requiring undertakings performing public works contracts and, indirectly, their subcontractors to apply the minimum wage laid down by the ‘Buildings and public works’ collective agreement, a law such as the Landesvergabegesetz may impose on service providers established in another Member State where minimum rates of pay are lower an additional economic burden that may prohibit, impede or render less attractive the provision of their services in the host Member State. Therefore, a measure such as that at issue in the main proceedings is capable of constituting a restriction within the meaning of Article 49 EC.

Drugim riječima, ako je minimalna naknada za korištenje cestovne infrastrukture viša od one u državi korisnika usluga, takva mjera može predstavljati restrikciju u smislu Čl. 49 EC koju je potrebno opravdati.

Poduzeća koja naplaćuju naknadu za korištenje cestovne infrastrukture smatraju se emanacijom države (vidi Commission v. Austria, C-205/98).

U istom predmetu ECJ je interpretirao Direktivu 93/89 te pojasnio u koju se svrhu može naplaćivati cestarina (caveat, ta Direktiva se primjenjuje samo na određena teretna vozila).

A Member State which does not apply the tolls demanded for the full itinerary on a motorway only in order to cover the costs linked with the construction, operation and development of that motorway fails to fulfil its obligation under Article 7(h) of Directive 93/89 on the application by Member States of taxes on certain vehicles used for the carriage of goods by road and tolls and charges for the use of certain infrastructures. The infrastructure network concerned within the meaning of that provision refers only to the section of the infrastructure for the use of which the toll is paid and not to all the sections of the motorway which form part of the same financing system.

Osim što je vjerovatno suprotna Čl. 49 UEZ, slovenska mjera je suprotna i Sporazumu o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju, tj. stand-still klauzuli iz Čl. 57.

Article 57
1. The Parties shall not take any measures or actions which render the conditions for the supply of services by Community and Croatian nationals or companies which are established in a Party other than that of the person for whom the services are intended significantly more restrictive as compared to the situation existing on the day preceding the day of entry into force of the Agreement.

Ukratko, otežava se pristup tržištu usluga za korisnike usluga iz Hrvatske.

C-346/06 Rüffert

EU trade unions condemn court for minimum wage ruling

EUOBSERVER / BRUSSELS - European trade unions have strongly criticised the latest EU court judgement on the right of member states to set minimum wages for foreign workers saying it is an "invitation to social dumping."

The judgement, delivered on Thursday (3 April) by the bloc's highest court, concerned a Polish subcontractor of German company Objekt und Bauregie which paid employees only 46.5% of the minimum wage prescribed by Lower Saxony for work on a public site. The court found in favour of the company on grounds of the freedom to provide services, one of the core principles of the EU's internal market.

Read more: EUobserver