Case C‑94/07 Raccanelli

Doktorski studenti mogu se smatrati radnicima u smislu Čl.39 ako primaju naknadu za svoj rad. Čl. 39 je horizontalno izravno primjenjiv. Evo što kaže ECJ:

1. A researcher in a similar situation to that of the applicant in the main proceedings, that is, a researcher preparing a doctoral thesis on the basis of a grant contract concluded with the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV, must be regarded as a worker within the meaning of Article 39 EC only if his activities are performed for a certain period of time under the direction of an institute forming part of that association and if, in return for those activities, he receives remuneration. It is for the referring court to undertake the necessary verification of the facts in order to establish whether such is the case in the dispute before it.

2. A private-law association, such as the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften eV, must observe the principle of non-discrimination in relation to workers within the meaning of Article 39 EC. It is for the referring court to establish whether, in circumstances such as those of the case in the main proceedings, there has been inequality in the treatment of domestic and foreign doctoral students.

3. In the event that the applicant in the main proceedings is justified in relying on damage caused by the discrimination to which he has been subject, it is for the referring court to assess, in the light of the national legislation applicable in relation to non-contractual liability, the nature of the compensation which he would be entitled to claim.

Puni tekst presude

Visoko obrazovanje - u koga se ugledati?

Zanimljiv članak u EUobserveru govori o neuspjehu europskih sveučilišta na globalnoj razini. Pouka: u provedbi "Bolonjske" reforme ugledajmo se u britanska sveučilišta. Nikako ne u njemačka, talijanska, španjolska, austrijska, švedska ili irska.

Citat iz EUobservera

"Europe's institutions of higher education are already in a parlous state. As a continent, we fare abysmally in world rankings: Of the fifty most highly rated institutions in 2007, only eleven are in EU countries.

The US can claim almost twice that number. Furthermore, if we remove the eight UK institutions from the list, we are left with only three from the 26 other EU nations.

Incredibly there are no German or Italian or Spanish or Belgian or Austrian or Swedish or Irish universities on the list. Put another way, if the institutions of every country that joined the EU prior to 2004 were as successful as those of the UK, then Europe would have 50 rateable institutions."

Temeljne pravničke vještine

U novom broju German Law Journal (br. 9 iz 2008.) objavljen je izuzetno zanimljiv članak o pravnom obrazovanju u SAD i Njemačkoj u svjetlu bolonjskog procesa.

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U prvom dijelu (str. 589 et seq.) raspravlja se o temeljnim pravničkim vještinama koje se smatraju bitnim dijelom pravničke profesije i koje bi se trebale razvijati u pravničkom obrazovanju. To su:

• Rješavanje problema
• Pravna analiza i razmišljanje
• Istraživanje pravnih izvora
• Istraživanje činjenica
• Komunikacija
• Davanje savjeta
• Pregovaranje
• Organizacija i upravljanje pravnim poslovima
• Prepoznavanje i rješavanje etičkih dilema

Autor kritički zaključuje:

• The current university training leading to the Erste Staatsexamen, followed by the two-year Referendariat and the Zweite Staatsexamen hinders the internationalization of the curriculum and makes compliance with the Bologna mandates extremely problematic.

Otvaram raspravu o pravničkom obrazovanju u Hrvatskoj!